Measuring RMS Voltage: Many Meters Will Do

By Pat Brown

The Vrmsmax loudspeaker power test requires real-time measurement of the Root-Mean-Square voltage of the noise stimulus. RMS measurements have been the subject of controversy since some variables regarding meter integration time, bandwidth, etc. exist. I have see excellent correlation between true RMS meters for noise signals. All meters shown here were used to measure 8Vrms of IEC noise during a recent power test on a line array HF element. The differential in measured RMS level between all of the meters is less than 0.5dB – adequate accuracy for loudspeaker power testing. Read more »



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The “Mother-Load” – A Dummy Load for Testing Large Amplifiers



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Microphone Mythbusters, Vol. 8 – Why Won’t My Mic Work?



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Sennheiser “Audio for Video” Sound Academy

Sennheiser “Audio for Video” Sound Academy

August 15, 2011

Orlando, FL

The Floor-Bounce Effect – Mic Placement for Equalization

By Pat Brown

When a microphone or listener is positioned above the floor plane, the reflection produced by the floor modifies what is heard by the listener. This “floor- bounce effect” (FBE) is a normal part of the way that we listen to loudspeakers when an audience is not present to absorb this first-order reflection. This effect must be considered during the equalization process, as it dramatically affects the response observed on high resolution analyzers.

The FBE produces ripples (a comb filter) in the frequency response measured as at a discrete listener position. At one position, the effect could be minimum-phase and “correctable” with equalization. The problem is that the time offset between the direct arrival and the floor reflection is not a global parameter of the space. Each listener position has a unique time-distance relationship to the loudspeaker and its first-order floor reflection.

This means that any electronic compensation used at one seat will be incorrect for most of the others. Read more »

Reverberation Time vs. Decay Time



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Sennheiser “ISA” Sound Academy

Sennheiser “ISA” Sound Academy

August 24, 2011

St Louis, MO

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